Pop music history is full of tributes, riffs and echoes that make us turn to the radio and go: "Haven't I heard this song before?" Sometimes, it turns out, we have. Then there's the shady, mysterious land that occupies the area between what we'll call "inspiration" and "coincidence." Here's where things get contentious. (Think of cover songs as extended interpolations.) Vanilla Ice also provides vocals for the track. 'Ice Ice Baby' originally sampled the bassline from 'Under Pressure'. Sometimes, an interpolation can be so close that it's hard to tell if it's any different at all - think of Vanilla Ice's famous denial that " Ice Ice Baby" was sampled directly from Queen and David Bowie's " Under Pressure." If it's really a new performance, permission is not needed, but the writer of the original song gets credit and, if there are royalties, a share of the money. The song is a medley of 'Under Pressure', originally recorded in 1981 by Queen and David Bowie, and the 1990 Vanilla Ice single 'Ice Ice Baby'. The re-created element can be a nearly exact replica or just vaguely similar. Vanilla Ice - Under Pressure Baby (Ice Mix) D.J.M.P since 1988. If a deal can't be reached, or the sound of the original recording isn't quite right, the musician can re-record an element of the song she loves, say a little snippet of melody or a particular drum pattern. Vanilla Ice - Under Pressure Baby (Ice Mix) - YouTube Skip navigation Sign in 0:00 / 5:47 Queen vs. (You can trace our current understanding of the copyright laws around sampling to a 1991 suit by Gilbert O'Sullivan against Biz Markie for the use of O'Sullivan's "Alone Again (Naturally)" in Biz's song "Alone Again.") The Case: To anyone with functional eardrums, its clear that Vanilla Ices pop-rap crossover hit sampled the bass line to the 1981 Queen/Bowie collaboration 'Under Pressure.' But Ice famously. Releasing the new song requires the permission of whoever owns the original recording and, often, a financial agreement. If a musician takes a song she loves and incorporates all or part of the actual recording into a new song, that's sampling. Sometimes intellectual property laws are involved. Comment on the parts you think sound alike. Vanilla Ice 'Stop Collaborate and Listen', says Texan-born rapper and actor Vanilla Ice at the top of his hugely successful track Ice, Ice, Baby in 1990. But a lawsuit was avoided, and recently, Vanilla Ice revealed how it was on The Dan Patrick Show. Seven years earlier, Queen released 'Under Pressure'. Queen and David Bowie’s camps both filed lawsuits against Vanilla Ice, seeing that the rapper did not pay any royalties to Bowie, Freddie Mercury, Brian May, Roger Taylor or John Deacon, the original songwriters. This got us thinking about the different ways musicians act as mimics. 1982 Vanilla Ice: Ice Ice Baby sounds like Queen: Under Pressure Vanilla Ice released 'Ice Ice Baby' in 1989. "This is part of the art of pop."īut not all borrowing is equal. People have claimed the right to songs in the public domain," Ann says. "Songwriters have borrowed from each other, played off each other. Today on All Things Considered, NPR's Neda Ulaby talks with NPR Music pop critic Ann Powers about the history of pop sound-alikes. The song samples the bassline of Under Pressure by Queen and. 1 song in the country, Robin Thicke's "Blurred Lines," over its similarity to "Got to Give It Up," the 1977 hit by Marvin Gaye. Ice Ice Baby is a hip hop song written by American rapper Vanilla Ice and DJ Earthquake. Almost as soon as it hit the Internet, "Roar," the brand new smash by Katy Perry, was accused of sounding an awful lot like the recent song "Brave," by Sara Bareilles. Over the last couple of weeks, the sounds of pop's biggest hits have been distractingly familiar. The hook in Vanilla Ice's song "Ice Ice Baby" was based on a passage from "Under Pressure" by David Bowie and Queen, but the rapper denied the similarity at first.
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What this means is that they have a greater number of toes than other traditional chicken breeds. The deep mulberry color of their comb and wattle is something extraordinary to look at.Īnother feature that makes Satin Silkie chickens very special is that they are polydactyl. The tail of these lovely chickens has ample shredding at the tip with a shorter and broader back. Satin Silkie chickens possess a black to dark blue beak which is shorter and wider to look at. Their eyes are bright and appear very dark in color and appearance. This gene is created during careful breeding and selection to get the desired characteristics in today’s Satin Silkie chickens. The curling and fluffiness come from the introduction of a gene. Well, I have a simpler explanation for you. You might think how on earth this breed acquires the fluffy and curly feather appearance. In China, Satin Silkie chickens are known as black-boned chickens due to their black to bluish skin.Īpart from the silkie and frizzle feather types, satins are more popular and resemble more like traditional chickens. In terms of average weight, the recognized standard shows us that males usually weights up to 1 kg whereas females are of 900 g. Although Satin Silkie is a relatively small-sized breed, functioning barbicels are not present in it. The soft and fluffy appearance of both males and females is due to their silkie feathering. One distinctive thing about the crest in females is the more globular appearance. The fuzzy appearance of Satin Silkie chickens is shown well from their walnut-shaped comb with a medium crest. The beauty of Satin Silkie chickens is admired by everyone and you’ll notice some of the most prominent features right away. Physical Characteristics of Satin Silkie Chickens Originally, Satin Silkie chickens, according to the 14th edition of the American Bantam Association, are a bantam breed. Currently, there is genetic research going on in terms of describing them as a separate breed from Silkies. Satin Silkies match much more to one of their parents, the silkie. Through the breeding and selection from their original parents, the smooth feathers are the ones that identify the feature of these chickens. This description somewhat matches the fuzzy physical appearance of Satin Silkie chickens.Īs these chickens are a cross between Cochin and Silkie breeds, we now know much about their parents and grandparents. Some scholars even described this breed as chickens with cat-like hairs. Satin Silkie chickens are thought to be originated in China for the very first time. One of the oldest mentions of these lovely birds by scholars is found in the 13th century. These chickens are here from the past centuries or maybe even earlier. If you’re wondering if Satin Silkie chickens are a new addition to the line of chicken breeds, this is certainly not the case. The top chicken population states are Iowa, Ohio, and Indiana, respectively. According to a recent survey, the population of chickens surpassed 60 million number. We’re now seeing an increasing trend of rearing chickens among the states of the US. Apart from the carefully selected genetics, some prominent features distinguish them from other chickens. If you’re someone looking to get these pretty birds in your backyard, it is important to get the complete know-how about Satin Silkie chickens. Satin Silkie chickens have a much smoother feathering and are, no doubt, beautiful to look at. Silkies first came into the poultry domain and from which the Satin is being developed as a project breed. It is noteworthy that Satins and Silkie are two different chicken varieties. These fuzzy-looking chickens are everyone’s favorite worldwide. With a variety of colors and feather patterns, these astounding birds are something beyond extraordinary. Satin Silkie chickens are not only distinctive in their physical appearance, but also in their feathering texture. This chicken breed first came into existence after careful breeding of Cochin & Silkie. Who doesn’t love the lovely glance of beautiful chickens in the backyard every morning? The unique appearance of satin silkie chickens will make you gaze on this astonishing ornamental breed. There are different ways that you can perform a Triceps Extension with a resistance band. As a result, it is often ideal to pair chest and Tricep exercises together! Remember to keep your hands in line with the shoulders and maintain a slight bend in the elbow.Īlthough the Triceps Extension is not directly a chest exercise, the Triceps work together with the muscles of the chest to perform pushing movements. Control the movement as you return to the starting position with your arms extended out to either side of the body. Brace the core as you bring your arms forwards and hands together. Kneel down on the floor so that the torso is upright, and your toes are tucked behind the body. Setup the resistance band behind the body in the same manner as described above for the Chest Press. The Kneeling Chest Press is a variation of the Chest Press that can be more challenging as you will need to stabilize the core to prevent flexion or extension of the spine. You will feel the resistance as you push your palms towards the sky. Perform the Chest Press by pushing your palms into the air over your chest. Your palms will be facing the ceiling and your knees will be bent with your feet flat on the floor. Grasp the remaining end with your right hand and lie down on the floor on your back. Hold one end of the resistance band in your left and pass it behind the body. The resistance band should remain in position just under the shoulder blades throughout the movement. You will feel the resistance around your back and will have to engage the chest to push the body back up into the starting position. Assume a high Push Up position and perform the Push Up as you normally would. Run the band behind the body and loop the remaining side of the band around your right thumb. Loop one end of the band around your left thumb. If you have never performed this exercise before, try using a lighter band to start out and then switching the band as you progress. Select the resistance band you would like to use. We suggest that you are able to establish and maintain proper Push Up from before advancing to this progression with the resistance band. The Push Up with resistance band is a progression from the conventional Push-Up. These different positions will help to engage different muscles and provide variety in your exercise routine. As you can see in our resistance band chest day workout video, there are multiple resistance band chest exercises that you can perform! These exercises feature different positions such as lying down on your back, kneeling and using a high push-up position to complete the exercises. Trailer variants and closing variants have respectively moved here and here. georgia gateway ga NOTE: This gallery is reserved for opening logos. The 1991 logo's jingle featured the "Handclap" as well as the "toms" and a Closed Hi-hat being played on the Roland TR-909 drum machine, as well as bass notes on a Casio keyboard. The early variant of the logo music appears at the end of the song "Alanis", from Neil Cicierega's mashup album Mouth Sounds alongside many other logos. The text below reads "GARBAGE PAIL KIDS", and is the only parody logo in the whole series to contain meaningful text. Episode 10 features a parody of the MGM logo, with a makeshift shield logo made of a roll of toilet paper, enclosing a sentient garbage can covered in green crud, which hops, hiccups, and belches.Viewers Like You (1989–90) Black background variant (1989–90) Austin City Limits (1990–91) (Closing) American Masters (1989–90) Smithsonian World (1990) & American Playhouse (1990–91) Degrassi High Season 1 (1990) Degrassi High Season 2 (1991) Fire on the Rim (1990) & Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? premiere. Counter Logic Gaming, a professional esports organization Chalair Aviation (ICAO airline code: CLG) French regional airline WCLG-FM, a radio station in Morgantown, West Virginia, USA KCLG-LD, a defunct TV station in Neosho, Missouri, USA CLG ( Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael ), Gaelic Athletic Association Other uses 1989–1995. The rest of the logo continues like the last 2 logos with the projector casting the blue light with "GRACIE FILMS" appearing, but for a 3D. The audience (including the "Shhh!" lady), is on a teal outline. rule34 professor garlick 3rd logo (2012, 2017, 2020) Same concept as the previous 2 logos, however instead of the lighted movie theater, the background is pitch black. Because of this, they restored all logos without images. This is not a hate wiki, this is a logo wiki so we do not want a shutdown of this wiki. There you can add fake logos and fake logo bloopers if you want. This is a return of CLG Wiki Dream Logos database. Welcome to the CLG Wiki Dream Logos Wikia. A poll was created to choose the final logo, which closed on Octoduring the vote, a. Following this, the CLG Wiki rebranded to the Audiovisual Identity Database ( AVID) after consensus was reached in an on-wiki discussion. On September 9, 2022, just months after the wiki's 15th anniversary, the wiki's leadership departed. The first THX film was 1983's hit movie Star Wars: Episode VI. until June 2002, when spun-off in its present-day company - THX Ltd.), named after the first film Lucas directed, THX 1138. THX is a motion picture quality certification system (despite being branded as a "sound system" until 1997) founded by Tomlinson Holman and George Lucas in 1982 (in turn was then-owned by Lucasfilm Ltd. Counter Logic Gaming currently hosts their flagship team and an academy team in the NA Academy League, CLG Academy, who they picked up following the North American Scouting Grounds and LCS franchising. Founded in April 2010 by George "HotshotGG" Georgallidis, CLG is the oldest League of Legends team still active to this day. walgreens tezel and mainland Counter Logic Gaming (CLG) is a North American esports organization. Do your own thing as it should if you want. This your own choice, we see that many admins keps losing, and we don't have so much time to compete with election. Should the wiki kept it up with cringy name? Tell them that is to do so of their permissions to change the wiki. Clg wiki Closing Logos Group / CLG Wiki - Spooky scary TV logos! (NIGHTMARE FACTOR) Thread starter Super Collie Start date In the first week of December □ the new moderators will be selected, ️ Lolcow Email is coming up soonish, and then □ the floodgates open.Welcome to the CLG Wiki Dream Logos Wikia. The whole adventure is over in 15 hours, and it’s easy to see how traditional random battles could have stretched it way further. That keeps the pace of the game surprisingly brisk. Going off the beaten path to hunt for treasure feels less obnoxious when it doesn’t mean trudging through another 20 minutes of fights. The most obvious benefit is that it cuts down on the number of times players are whisked into battle. After the initial scene go left and open the. We are in the same area that Kina and Cheryl were, only that a bit different. Combine that with the game’s base combat system that involves lining up shots to hit multiple enemies at once and these brawls become a satisfying test of how well players can spatially reason on the battlefield. 25 Remember this place Yeah, this is the very beginning of the game. Players can grab power-ups during fights that’ll increase their attack power or steal a turn from an enemy. To keep that from becoming overwhelming, Dimengeon battles feature unique mechanics. Rather than fighting five or six disparate battles, it’s one massive brawl with up to 30 enemies. At any time, players can pop the Dimengeon open and fight all of the enemies they’ve passed. After fighting an enemy for the first time, and subsequent random battles with it are stored in the device. Early in the game, players get a tool that essentially absorbs random battles. His solution is Fantasian’s Dimengeon system. Sakaguchi seemed to understand the ennui of the grind. It’s enough to make a person want to stop exploring an area and power through it as fast as possible.Ī battle against a boss in Fantasian. The strategy of turn-based battling goes out the window and auto-pilot starts to set in. It can be especially tiresome when faced against the same sets of creatures ad nauseum. Frequent interruptions can slow the pace of a game to a halt for minimal, incremental gain. In many RPGs, random battles can be a momentum killer. Defeat all the enemies and grab those precious experience points. Walk around an area and a battle will materialize out of nowhere, bringing players into a battle screen filled with monsters. Like most classic RPGs, Fantasian is a turn-based game that features random encounters. By using clever systems to cut down the grind, the game fixes a problem that has long plagued RPGs.įinal Fantasy XVI should be taking notes. The art is sure to be what catches players’ attention initially, but Fantasian’s secret weapon is its actual gameplay. It’s a throwback JRPG that evokes classics like Chrono Trigger while boasting an entirely unique art style that utilizes real dioramas. The new RPG from Final Fantasy creator Hironobu Sakaguchi is out now and it might be Apple Arcade’s new killer app. No matter if you are an experienced hiker or beginner, the Knuckles Mountain Range offers you different trails from easier to toughest hiking trails in the country.Fantasianis a sight to behold. The winding trails through 18,512 ha of dense forest, cultivated lands, and lush paddy fields offer you fresh air, the greenness of the hills, glimpses of endemic species, and breathtaking sceneries that hard to describe. Dambulla – Naula – Kongawawela – Laggala - Knuckles Conservation Centre, Ilukkumburaįrom all these entry points nature trails to different locations have been started. Matale – Rattota – Riverston - Knuckles Conservation Centre, IlukkumburaĤ. Kandy – Wattegama – Panwila – Bambaraella villageģ. Kandy – Digana – Teldeniya – Hunnasgiriya – Ududumbara - Deanston Knuckles Conservation CentreĢ. There are 4 entry roads to reach the Knuckles mountain range.ġ. Knuckles Conservation Forest is ideal for trekking and hiking, birding and scenic photography. Its’ striking landscapes often robed in thick layers of cloud resulting breath-taking sceneries. The entire area is characterized by dense vegetation, cascading waterfalls, and rural villages with cultivation lands. This mountain range consists of 34 mystic mountains that range from 900 to 1865 m. Due to its remarkable resemblance to a clenched fist, the British nominated Dumbara Mountain Range as “Knuckles” at the colonial times. Sling your knuckles on the bottoms of the happy tin pans. The knuckles Mountain Range is a conservation forest spreads across Matale and Kandy districts. In Jazz Fantasia, Sandburg expresses his thoughts and feelings about jazz as the speaker of. While predominantly an imposing fortress reminding people who is in charge, the Tower of London was also used as a royal residence. The ‘village’ also has a chapel, surgery and its own pub! Beefeaters must have a minimum of 22 years of successful military service A Royal Residence for 500 Years The properties can be reasonably spacious with some set over 4 stories, replete with quirky features such as arrow slits in the walls. However, for most that is considered a minor inconvenience to live in such a historic place. For example, if you want to head out into London at night, you have to get permission from security first. The families are housed in the outer wall of the tower and have to abide by certain rules. The Yeoman warders and their families form part of a community of around 150 residents within the Tower grounds. The following video shows the ceremony in practice. However, do not book if you have a habit of tardiness, as you won’t be admitted if you miss the designated entrance time! The ceremony is completed by 10.05 pm and you can pre-book to witness this tradition. At 9.53 pm every night, the chief of the Yeoman warders meets a military escort to lock the Tower of London for the night. The Ceremony of the Keys has been a part of the Tower of London tradition for over 700 years. The Ceremony of the KeysĮvery night, once the last of the tourists have left, the Tower is locked up. This includes protecting the precious Crown jewels housed in the Jewel Tower. The Yeoman warders remain guardians of the Tower and all that it contains. While much of the day is spent engaging with inquisitive tourists and pointing them in the right direction, there is still a serious side to the job. You also need to have achieved the rank of warrant officer and been awarded medals for good conduct and long service. To be considered for the role you need 22 years of military service ( source). How Do You Become a Yeoman Warder?Īt any given time between 30 and 40 Yeoman warders live at the Tower of London. They don their traditional red uniforms to carry out ceremonial duties. Today’s Yeoman warders wear their famed dark blue uniform with red trimmings for their everyday tasks. In particular, he needed the Yeomen warders to guard the crown jewels and the increasing number of prisoners the King sent to the Tower. However, when Henry VIII stopped using the Tower as a residence, he needed a trusted unit to guard the tower. These Yeoman warders originally formed part of the Yeoman of the Guard who protected the monarch when traveling the country. Their famous, brightly colored uniform has been worn with pride since Tudor times. The Beefeaters are one of the most iconic sights of London.
You can cancel it once you pay your balance down to 80% of the home's value. Conventional loans require mortgage insurance if you put down less than 20% on the home. Borrowers pay it, but it is for the lender if you default on the loan. Mortgage insurance is insurance for the lender. The bank then takes the home and sells it to make back the money lost from you not making your payments. If you default on your payments (usually more than 90 days), they can foreclose on your property. The difference between a mortgage and a standard loan, besides the loan amount, is the collateral. Lenders base your eligibility on your credit score, current debts, money saved, and the home's value. What is a mortgage?Ī mortgage is a loan you take out to buy a home. Use our mortgage calculator to see that big picture so you know what you're getting into since a mortgage is a long-term commitment, sometimes as long as 30 years. You can talk to lenders and understand the numbers they throw at you and know what you're comfortable paying each month.īuying a home and taking out a mortgage isn't just about the interest rate – it's about the big picture. It puts you well ahead of the competition. Knowing what you can afford is the first step in buying a home. With our home loan calculator, you can play around with the numbers including the loan amount, down payment, and interest rate to see how different factors affect your payment. Buying a house is the largest investment of your lifetime, and preparation is key. Use our mortgage calculator to help you estimate your monthly payments and what you can afford. IIR digital and analog filter design given order and critical points.Ĭompute the attenuation of a Kaiser FIR filter.Ĭompute the Kaiser parameter beta, given the attenuation a.ĭetermine the filter window parameters for the Kaiser window method.Ĭonvert a linear-phase FIR filter to minimum phase Iirdesign(wp, ws, gpass, gstop)Ĭomplete IIR digital and analog filter design. Gammatone(freq, ftype)Ĭompute the group delay of a digital filter. Return a digital IIR filter from an analog one using a bilinear transform.įind array of frequencies for computing the response of an analog filter.įirls(numtaps, bands, desired)įIR filter design using least-squares error minimization.įirwin(numtaps, cutoff)įIR filter design using the window method.įirwin2(numtaps, freq, gain)Ĭompute frequency response of analog filter.įreqz(b)Ĭompute the frequency response of a digital filter.Ĭompute the frequency response of a digital filter in ZPK form.Ĭompute the frequency response of a digital filter in SOS format. Resample x along the given axis using polyphase filtering. Resample x to num samples using Fourier method along the given axis. Remove linear trend along axis from data. Sosfiltfilt(sos, x)Ī forward-backward digital filter using cascaded second-order sections.Ĭompute the analytic signal, using the Hilbert transform.ĭecimate(x, q)ĭownsample the signal after applying an anti-aliasing filter.ĭetrend(data) Savgol_filter(x, window_length, polyorder)Īpply a Savitzky-Golay filter to an array.ĭeconvolves divisor out of signal using inverse filtering.įilter data along one dimension using cascaded second-order sections.Ĭonstruct initial conditions for sosfilt for step response steady-state. This implements the following transfer function.įilter data along one-dimension with an IIR or FIR filter.Ĭonstruct initial conditions for lfilter given input and output vectors.Ĭonstruct initial conditions for lfilter for step response steady-state.įiltfilt(b, a, x)Īpply a digital filter forward and backward to a signal. The second section uses a reversed sequence. Implement a smoothing IIR filter with mirror-symmetric boundary conditions using a cascade of second-order sections. This implements a system with the following transfer function and mirror-symmetric boundary conditions. Implement a smoothing IIR filter with mirror-symmetric boundary conditions using a cascade of first-order sections. Perform a Wiener filter on an N-dimensional array. Perform a median filter on an N-dimensional array. Smoothing spline (cubic) filtering of a rank-2 array. Gaussian approximation to B-spline basis function of order n.Ĭompute cubic spline coefficients for rank-1 array.Ĭompute quadratic spline coefficients for rank-1 array.Ĭoefficients for 2-D cubic (3rd order) B-spline.Ĭoefficients for 2-D quadratic (2nd order) B-spline:Įvaluate a cubic spline at the new set of points.Įvaluate a quadratic spline at the new set of points. Quadratic is deprecated! is deprecated in SciPy 1.11 and will be removed in SciPy 1.13. Signal processing ( scipy.signal) # Convolution #Ĭross-correlate two N-dimensional arrays.Ĭonvolve two N-dimensional arrays using FFT.Ĭonvolve two N-dimensional arrays using the overlap-add method.Ĭonvolve2d(in1, in2)Ĭorrelate2d(in1, in2)Ĭross-correlate two 2-dimensional arrays.Ĭonvolve with a 2-D separable FIR filter.Ĭhoose_conv_method(in1, in2)įind the fastest convolution/correlation method.Ĭorrelation_lags(in1_len, in2_len)Ĭalculates the lag / displacement indices array for 1D cross-correlation.īspline is deprecated! is deprecated in SciPy 1.11 and will be removed in SciPy 1.13.Ĭubic is deprecated! is deprecated in SciPy 1.11 and will be removed in SciPy 1.13. In educational practice, since teachers are required to use instructions scientifically proven effective, it is necessary for researchers to constantly identify and implement evidence-based practice (EBP). However, individual SEL programs do not always show the same astonishing improvement in students’ socioemotional competencies unless implemented effectively, with high-quality, evidence-based instructions. In addition, due to an increasing emphasis on social and emotional competences being as important as academic success during childhood and adolescence, school-based SEL is now actively implemented through a variety of intensities, formats, cultures, and countries. Research also indicates that SEL programs are likely to have positive long-term outcomes both in academic success and mental health for individuals after leaving school. By improving those competencies, children and adolescents facilitate their prosocial behaviors, positive social relationships, and academic achievement, as well as reduce conduct problems and emotional distress. SEL aims to promote five core competencies including self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision-making. Social-emotional learning (SEL) represents an educational model for improving social-emotional competences of all students and is known as a long-term education program connecting school, family, and community. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information file.įunding: This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2020S1A3A2A02103411). Received: OctoAccepted: JPublished: June 24, 2022Ĭopyright: © 2022 Kim et al. PLoS ONE 17(6):Įditor: Heng Luo, Central China Normal University, CHINA Based on these findings, we discussed the directions for future research and practice on the EBP of SEL programs that can be appreciated by researchers worldwide.Ĭitation: Kim D, Lim JH, An J (2022) The quality and effectiveness of Social-Emotional Learning (SEL) intervention studies in Korea: A meta-analysis. The global effect size of SEL programs was 0.27, and the results from the effect size analyses by controlling variables showed that group compositions, the number of sessions, and session length were accountable for the variability of effect sizes. The results of the quality analysis revealed that SEL intervention studies had some limitations with a statistical analysis, use of measurement, a control group design, intervention fidelity, and external validity. To conduct this study, we selected 22 peer-reviewed articles (about 23 SEL programs) and analyzed their quality by Evidence-Based Intervention (EBI) indicators and calculated effect sizes using a meta-analysis. In this sense, in order to contribute to establishing EBP of SEL programs, the current research sought to analyze both quality and effectiveness of SEL intervention studies conducted in Korea where SEL has been investigated and applied in classroom since 2010. In addition, prior meta-analytic studies focused only on the effectiveness of SEL programs conducted in Western society. Although there has been active research to establish evidence-based practice (EBP) of SEL programs worldwide, the quality of SEL intervention studies which is an integral part of evaluating EBP was rarely investigated. Social-emotional learning (SEL) is an educational model for improving social-emotional competences of all students and a long-term education program connecting school, home, and community. |
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